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1. Process Flow 1) Surveying and Marking:   Before the stone installation for the scenic wall and retaining wall, survey along the centerline (or boundary) of the wall based on the designed elevation, setting a control point every 5 - 10 meters. Measurements must be carried out according to the design layout or construction drawings, marking the centerline, horizontal level lines, and grid lines.   2) Base Leveling:   According to the measured position and elevation, level the base. If the base has defects, use cement mortar (for walls) or crushed stone concrete (for the top surface) to level and treat the base.   3) Stone Pre-assembly and Selection:   All stones used in the project should be processed in the factory as per the layout drawing and numbered and packed. After the stones arrive on-site and are unpacked, each piece should be checked individually. Stones that are broken or have missing corners should be separated and reprocessed by the factory.   Once the stone selection is complete, pre-assemble on-site. Pre-assembly ensures that the colors, patterns, and textures align, and the seams match tightly. The pre-assembled stones should be numbered in two directions and stored in piles according to categories for future use.     4) Vertical Stone Installation:   (1) Small-sized Stones:   In a damp base, apply one coat of pure cement slurry (with 10% by weight of 108 glue mixed with water) and apply it while it's still wet.   For the base mortar, use a 1:3 cement-sand ratio, about 12mm thick, applied in two layers: the first layer about 5mm thick and the second layer about 7mm. After the base mortar is compacted and smoothed, scratch the surface of the mortar.   Once the base mortar is set, mark the lines for each stone section. Apply a 2-3mm thick cement slurry (with 20% by weight of 108 glue) to the back of the pre-wet stones and install them (alternatively, adhesive powder can be used). Tap with a wooden hammer to ensure alignment and use a level tool to check for flatness and straightness.     (2) Large-sized Stones:   For stones larger than 40mm on any side, or if the installation height exceeds 1m, the following installation method is used:   A. Drilling and Chiseling:   Before installation, use a drilling machine to drill holes according to design requirements. Secure a wooden frame to align the drill bit with the upper edge of the stone. Drill holes at 1/4 of the stone width from each end. For each surface, drill two holes with a diameter of 5mm and a depth of 12mm. The hole's center should be about 8mm from the back of the stone.   If granite is used and the stone width is large, increase the number of holes. After drilling, lightly chisel a 5mm deep groove around the holes to form an "elephant trunk" shape for embedding copper or galvanized wire.   For larger stones, especially prefabricated granite, if it's difficult to tie the galvanize...

Staircases are an integral part of every building, making stone stair products a common choice in stone processing. These products are produced in large quantities, involve simple craftsmanship, yet frequently face issues such as broken edges, chipped corners, and safety hazards, which compromise both the aesthetic appeal and functionality of stone staircases.   This article delves into common problems encountered in stone staircase design and processing, providing analysis and improvement suggestions.     1. Problems and Analysis   (1) Adhesive Strips Detachment One of the most common issues with stone stairs is the detachment of adhesive strips, which can lead to thinner steps prone to damage.   Causes: 1. Adhesive Issues: Improper use of adhesive with low bonding strength. 2. Surface Preparation: Inadequate treatment of the adhesive strip and step surface. 3. Design Flaws: Insufficient contact area for bonding, lack of reinforcement, and unsupported adhesive strips in the design. 4. Environmental Factors: Outdoor exposure to natural elements that weaken the adhesive.   (2) Edge Damage   Causes: 1. Incorrect material selection (e.g., fragile marble or granite with high water absorption). 2. Thin panels (e.g., less than 20mm). 3. External impacts and prolonged exposure to harsh weather. 4. Excessive overhang of the panel edges.   (3) Panel Damage and Cracking   Causes: 1. Defective materials, inadequate repairs, and insufficient thickness or strength. 2. Impact forces and long-term load stresses.   (4) Stair Fractures   Causes: 1. Pre-existing cracks not reinforced properly. 2. Use of thin or low-strength materials.   (5) Uneven Thickness Some stone stairs feature inconsistent thickness, causing uneven surfaces after installation and aesthetic issues.   (6) Complex Edge Shapes Overly complex edge designs increase processing difficulty, leading to higher risks of breakage and polishing challenges.   (7) Loose Riser Panels Riser panels can easily detach when improperly bonded to tread panels, as shown in some designs.   (8) Double-Layer Riser Panels Double-layer designs, though aesthetically pleasing, complicate processing and installation unnecessarily.   (9) Overly Dense Anti-Slip Grooves Anti-slip grooves that are too narrow and dense reduce structural integrity, making edges more prone to damage.   (10) Jointed Narrow Panels Narrow, jointed panels without reinforcement are prone to detachment and pose safety hazards.   (11) Stone Degradation Improper material selection for outdoor use can result in discoloration, erosion, or structural weakening.     2. Improvement Measures   (1) Eliminate Adhesive Strips in Stair Design Design stairs without adhesive strips or use wider, reinforced strips to ensure durability. Solid risers can support adhesive strips to enhance strength.   (2) Use Solid Stone Stairs Solid stone stairs improve stabilit...

1. Definition of Stone Setting-out     1) Who is responsible for stone setting-out?   Setting-out work primarily falls under the responsibility of the construction team, with the stone processing manufacturer providing support. This process involves using design blueprints and actual on-site measurements to prepare cutting or material list drawings. The quality and methods of these outputs can vary depending on the capabilities of the construction team. The stone processing manufacturer's technical staff assists by offering solutions for methods and measurements, organizing fabrication drawings based on site surveys, and conducting on-site verification to ensure accuracy before final processing begins.   2) Importance of Stone Setting-out   The participation of the stone processing manufacturer in the setting-out process is critical. The objective of setting-out is to produce accurate processing drawings. Involvement in this process allows the manufacturer to understand and organize related drawings, which is essential for guiding production and ensuring accuracy.   3) Qualifications of Stone Setting-out Personnel   Setting-out personnel must meet the following requirements:   (1) Comprehensive understanding of stone processing techniques. (2) Familiarity with mechanical and architectural design drawings. (3) Knowledge of construction practices. (4) Hands-on experience with stone installation. (5) Basic proficiency in stone decoration design and the ability to offer creative suggestions that facilitate production and installation.   2. Preparatory Work Before Stone Setting-out   1) Finalization of Design Drawings   Ensure that the decoration design drawings, which comprehensively cover all materials and construction schemes, are finalized. Check that the drawings related to stone are complete before commencing setting-out.   2) Completion of Structural Work (Including Interior Partition Walls)   Any modifications or additional structural work must be completed before setting-out begins.   3) Establishment of Horizontal Levels and Elevations   Accurate baseline measurements are essential. For instance, floor-to-floor heights must be measured precisely using two-floor reference points. The difference between design and structural dimensions should be verified on-site.   4) Confirmation of Door and Window Frame Positions   Since door and window openings in structural work are often adjusted, ensure the specifications and positions are finalized before setting-out.   5) Waterproofing and Final Surface Determination in Bathrooms   Bathrooms must be waterproofed and finished surfaces confirmed before proceeding.   6) Clear Stone Installation Plan   Wall stone installation methods (e.g., dry hanging or wet pasting) determine the final surface dimensions and the boundary lines of the ground surface.   3. Stone Setting-out for Exterior Walls  ...

Do you think the picture below shows a water feature? Wrong! This is a piece of natural marble! There are various stone processing techniques, and with the development of science and technological progress, the processed products have exceeded our inherent imagination. Marble, as one of the hardest building materials, is widely popular in the construction materials market. You may not imagine that one day, tough marble will become so soft and romantic, as shown in the following pictures. This is the effect of marble being made into a liquid state surface, like a slowly flowing river with clear waves, or like a stone falling into a calm river and causing ripples. This unique marble is truly impressive and has become a popular stone artwork recently.     01. What is liquid marble?   Liquid marble is formed by linear sawing, CNC carving, and hand polishing hard natural stone to create a visually liquefied state. The product specifications are customized according to the on-site dimensions, with a thickness of 20/30/50mm and a weight of 55 kilograms per square meter for 20mm.    Surface treatment: polished/matte  Common applications: art decoration, home products, walls and floors, etc     [Performance Characteristics]    The combination of linear sawing and CNC carving can create a 3D effect of stone  Exquisite and realistic patterns with different depths and inclinations can be carved on the stone surface  With the addition of fine hand polishing, a natural texture will be presented  Highlight delicate proportions under the reflection of light and shadow, creating an artistic atmosphere     In France, there is an artist named Mathieu Lehanneur who uses marble to depict the blue sea in his heart, from installation art products to large-scale architectural designs. Using the unique craftsmanship of marble to showcase extraordinary works of art.   [The Liquid Marble Series]   For example, the following art installation is called "Loire River". The courtyard of the castle is covered with fine sand and stones, and a pool of blue water appears. The interweaving of sunlight and water makes it hard to believe that its material is actually green single piece marble produced in Guatemala. This romantic installation art has also flooded into the Museum of Decorative Arts in Paris, with a length of about 4 meters and a width of 1.7 meters.     02. Construction process of liquid marble   [Key Points of Construction]   Linear sawing forms the prototype ▽     CNC carving creates peaks and valleys ▽     Hand polishing for final perfection ▽     [Construction Key]   The waves are natural and freehand, with sharp edges and lines on the peaks ▽     [Installation Process]   Same as the normal installation method for marble stone walls and floors (wet or dry hanging, depending on the thickness, dry hanging can be considered for walls above ...

The most comprehensive analysis of marble fissure lines, fissure line ≠ defective product!   It is said that having fissure lines on the surface of marble is not good, so why do some artificial stone like products have to be labeled with fissure line texture labels? Moreover, they are often artificial stone like products with high prices, which look more realistic.   The beauty of fissure lines in marble     Most natural marble fissure lines are widely regarded as beautiful textures and are highly sought after by people. Don't doubt them, such as Hermes Grey marble, Tundra Grey marble, Castle Grey marble, and so on.   The color and texture of these natural marbles are determined by their composition. It is different from artificially made materials such as ceramic tiles and artificial stone, and its natural characteristics are beyond human control, which is precisely what attracts people to marble.   Marble stone is a widely used material in various buildings, but many people have questions about the texture of marble, that is, if there are fissure lines on the marble, can it not be used? Is the presence of fissure lines in marble a quality issue with the stone material? What exactly is the situation?   PART 01. What is fissure line?     Fissure line refers to the small cracks that exist in rocks, most of which are natural and commonly present in marble. With the increasingly mature processing technology, the quality and beauty of natural stone are not affected by the presence of small fissure lines. The National Building Materials Administration has also issued industry standards for natural marble and granite.   PART 02. Difference between fissure line and crack     The fissure line of marble is naturally present, and the national industry standard stipulates that the fissure line refers to a length that does not exceed 1/10 of the total length extending from both ends to the edge of the slab, and a length less than 20mm is not counted. So as long as the fissure line is within this standard, it doesn't matter, is it also a kind of defect beauty?   Of course, with current technology, this kind of fissure line can be solved, but there are also some defects in marble called cracks. What is the difference between the two?   1. Different reasons for cracking   It is normal for marble to have fissure line, but the absence of fissure line may indicate that this is not natural marble. The main reason why marble has fissure lines is that it is composed of various natural minerals, and the arrangement of these minerals is usually not very precise, which naturally leads to fissure lines.   Marble cracks are usually caused by internal cracking of the marble. Different from natural fissure lines. If this kind of crack is not treated, it may lead to the fracture of marble in the future, so many manufacturers will stick a layer of resin fiber mesh on the back of marble. &n...

Granite, as a common building material, is widely used in fields such as home decorations and furnishings, building construction, and roads due to its hardness, durability, diverse colors, and excellent texture. With the development of technology, many businesses often use dyeing techniques to make the color of granite more vibrant or meet specific needs. The dyed granite has a more uniform and bright color, but its quality and durability are different from natural granite.     1. Uniformity of color of granite The color of natural granite usually has a certain degree of non-uniformity, which is due to the influence of geological environment during its formation process. The mineral composition and structural distribution are not completely consistent, resulting in natural differences in surface color and texture. The color changes of natural granite are usually manifested as spots, veins, or subtle transitions, giving a natural and layered visual effect.   Granite that has undergone dyeing treatment usually presents a more uniform color. This color is usually artificially controlled, and the color distribution will be more consistent and saturated. For example, the surface of dyed granite may exhibit overly consistent color regions without the natural variations unique to natural hues. If it is observed that the entire surface color is very uniform and lacks color difference changes, it is likely that it has been dyed.   2. Observe textures and patterns of granite The texture and pattern of natural granite have unique natural properties, and they are usually irregular, exhibiting obvious naturally formed cracks, mineral veins, spots, and other characteristics. The texture of dyed granite often appears relatively simple or repetitive, and dyeing may mask some details on the surface of natural granite, especially in terms of texture changes. Dyeing treatment usually involves the infiltration of dyes into the surface of stone, causing a change in the color of the stone, and this dye does not alter the internal structure of granite. Therefore, observing the changes in texture and corresponding details often reveals traces of dyeing treatment.   For example, if you see the same veins or spots appearing regularly on the surface of the stone, it may be the result of artificial dyeing. The texture of natural granite is unique and does not exhibit large areas of repetitive patterns.     3. Observe the depth and distribution of colors of granite Stained granite usually presents bright and saturated colors due to the influence of the surface staining layer. For granite with dark tones, the color of the dyed stone will appear darker and even glossy. The color of natural granite is relatively more natural, with less intense and softer hues. Especially in some dark colored granite, the surface of natural granite may have uneven color and slight fading.   In addition, the color distribution of dyed granite is usually mor...